[¹]A reference to the New York-based trading company Shirley and Forman, Inc., founded by D. Disraeli Shirley, which consolidated with a West African company in which S. G. Kpakpa-Quartey was a partner, forming the African International Traders, Inc., in 1919. Shirley, a UNIA national organizer in the U.S., was chairman of the advisory boards of both the UNIA and the BSL in 1919 and 1920. As of January 1920 he was commander of the UNIA's Universal African Legions as well. Shirley was apparently a World War I veteran who led other veterans in legion activities. Information for those interested in participating in the legion's weekly meetings could be obtained from Shirley at his residence at 409 Lenox Avenue, New York. Legion activities, especially military drills, became the subject of alarmed British military intelligence reports, one of which announced that it was the legion's plan to "smuggle these men with arms into Africa and the West Indies on the Black Star Line as passengers" (MGP 2:210). Shirley subsequently became a target of surveillance for American special agents working for the Bureau of Investigation. Shirley was a prominent figure at UNIA meetings in 1919, and on 26 October 1919 he addressed a Liberty Hall audience on the theme of "the Negro's entrance into the commercial and business worlds" (NW, 1 November 1919) (MGP 2:69 n. 2, 138, 139, 154).